机器人工程专业英语教程
| 作者 |
| 朱丹 邹菁菁 陈莹 王敏 |
| 丛书名 |
| 出版社 |
| 清华大学出版社 |
| ISBN |
| 9787302535768 |
| 简要 |
| 简介 |
| 内容简介 本书选编机器人工程专业方面的英语文章，内容涵盖机器人概述，机器人主要构成，主要技术，人机相互，机器人在各领域的应用，类人机器人，无人机等。 |
| 目录 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction of Robotics Chapter 2 Manipulation of Robots Chapter 3 Actuation of Robots Chapter 4 Perceptual Robot Chapter 5 Human-robot interaction Chapter 6 Home Robots Chapter 7 Industrial Robots Chapter 8 Military Robots Chapter 9 Space Robots Chapter 10 Medical Robots Chapter 11 Humanoid Robots Chapter 12 Drones 附录 常用机器人工程词汇中英对照表 前言 机器人工程属国家新兴产业，也是教育部本科专业新增专业，全国已有近 200所高校新增了此专业。机器人工程专业的学生和从业人员需要培养和提高机器人专业英语的能力，以适应未来工作的需求。 本书选材广泛，选编了机器人方面的英语文章，内容涵盖机器人概述，机器人主要构成、主要技术、人机交互、机器人在各领域的应用、类人机器人和无人机等。本书共分 12章：第 1章介绍机器人工程的概况；第 2章介绍机器人的控制系统；第 3章介绍机器人的驱动系统；第 4章介绍机器人的感知系统；第 5章介绍人机交互；第 6～10章介绍机器人在各领域的应用，包括机器人在家庭、工业、军事、航天、医疗等领域的应用情况；第 11章介绍类人机器人；第 12章介绍无人机。每章包括 Text A及 Text B两篇文章。这些文章均选自维基百科和最新的网络英文文章，具有一定的知识性和实用性； New Words and Expressions给出课文中出现的新词，读者由此可以扩充词汇量； Terms对文中出现的专业术语进行解释； Comprehension针对课文练习，巩固学习效果； Answers给出参考答案，读者可对照检查学习效果；参考译文帮助读者理解文章大意。 本书第 1～10章由朱丹编写，第 11章由邹菁菁编写，第 12章由陈莹和王敏编写。全书由朱丹统稿。 本书文章节选自互联网，在此向文章原作者表示感谢。 由于作者水平有限，书中难免存在不足，敬请读者不吝指正。 编者 2019年 4月 书摘 Text A Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, computer science, and others. Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies are used to develop machines that can substitute for humans and replicate human actions. Robots can be used in many situations and for lots of purposes, but today many are used in dangerous environments (including bomb detection and deactivation), manufacturing processes, or where humans cannot survive (e.g. in space). Robots can take on any form but some are made to resemble humans in appearance. This is said to help in the acceptance of a robot in certain replicative behaviors usually performed by people. Such robots attempt to replicate walking, lifting, speech, cognition, and basically anything a human can do. Many of today’s robots are inspired by nature, contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics. The concept of creating machines that can operate autonomously dates back to classical times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow substantially until the 20th century. Throughout history, it has been frequently assumed by various scholars, inventors, engineers, and technicians that robots New Words and Expressions interdisciplinary /??nt????d??s??pl??n(??)r??/ adj. 各学科间的；跨学科的 branch/brɑ??n(t)??/ n. 树枝，分枝；分部；支流 sensory feedback 传感反馈 substitute/??s??bst??tju t/ v. ?? 代替 replicate/??repl??ke??t/ v. 复制 replicative/??repl??k??t??v/ adj. 复制的；重复的 cognition/k??g??n????(??)n/ n. . 认识；知识；认识能力 will one day be able to mimic human behavior and manage tasks in a human-like fashion. Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue; researching, designing, and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots are built to do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, finding survivors in unstable ruins, and exploring mines and shipwrecks. Robotics is also used in STEM1 as a teaching aid. Commercial and industrial robots are widespread today and used to perform jobs more cheaply, more accurately and more reliably, than humans. They are also employed in some jobs which are too dirty, dangerous, or dull to be suitable for humans. Robots are widely used in manufacturing, assembly, packing and packaging, mining, transport, earth and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, safety, and the mass production of consumer and industrial goods. Etymology The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel ??apek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), which was published in 1920. The word robot comes from the Slavic word robota, which means labour/work. The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people called robots, creatures who can be mistaken for humans – very similar to the modern ideas of androids. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word robotics was first used in print by Isaac Asimov, in his science fiction short story “Liar!”, published in May 1941 in Astounding Science Fiction. History In 1939, the humanoid robot known as Elektro appeared at the World’s Fair. Seven feet tall (2.1 m) and weighing 265 pounds (120 kg), it could walk by voice command, speak about 700 words (using a 78-rpm record player), smoke cigarettes, blow up balloons, and move its head and arms. The body consisted of a steel gear cam and motor skeleton covered by an aluminium skin. In 1939 Konrad Zuse constructed the first programmable electromechanical computer, laying the foundation for the construction of a humanoid machine that is now deemed a robot. In 1951 Walter published the paper A Machine that learns, New Words and Expressions mimic/??m??m??k/ v. 模仿，摹拟 hazardous/??hæz??d??s/ adj. 有危险的 commercial/k????m??????(??)l/ adj. 商业的 perform/p????f????m/ v. 执行 accurately/??ækj??r??tli/ adv. 精确地，准确地 reliably/ri??lai??bli/ adv. 可靠地 artificial/tf(??)l/ adj. ɑ?????? ???? 人造的；仿造的 command/k????mɑ??nd/ n. 指挥，控制；命令 aluminium/æl(j)????m??n????m/ adj. 铝的 electromechanical /????lektr????m????kæn??k(??)l/ adj. 电动机械的 foundation/fa??n??de????(??)n/ n. 基础 documenting how his more advanced mechanical robots acted as intelligent agent by demonstrating conditioned reflex learning. The first digitally operated and programmable robot was invented by George Devol in 1954 and was called the Unimate. This later laid the foundations of the modern robotics industry. Devol sold the first Unimate to General Motors2 in 1960, and it was installed in 1961 in a plant in Ewing Township, New Jersey to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and place them in cooling liquid. Devol’s patent for the first digitally operated programmable robotic arm represents the foundation of the modern robotics industry. The development of humanoid robots was advanced considerably by Japanese robotics scientists in the 1970s. Waseda University initiated the WABOT project in 1967, and in 1972 completed the WABOT-13. Its limb control system allowed it to walk with the lower limbs, and to grip and transport objects with hands, using tactile sensors. Its vision system allowed it to measure distances and directions to objects using external receptors, artificial eyes and ears. And its conversation system allowed it to communicate with a person in Japanese, with an artificial mouth. This made it the first android. Robotic aspects There are many types of robots; they are used in many different environments and for many different uses, although being very diverse in application and form they all share three basic similarities when it comes to their construction: Robots all have some kind of mechanical construction, a frame, form or shape designed to achieve a particular task. For example, a robot designed to travel across heavy dirt or mud, might use caterpillar tracks. The mechanical aspect is mostly the creator’s solution to completing the assigned task and dealing with the physics of the environment around it. Form follows function. Robots have electrical components which power and control the machinery. For example, the robot with caterpillar tracks would need some kind of power to move the tracker treads. That power comes in the form of electricity, which will have to travel through a wire and originate from a battery, a basic electrical circuit. Even petrol powered machines that get their power mainly from petrol New Words and Expressions patent/??pæt(??)nt;/ n. 专利权 limb/l??m/ n. 肢，臂 grip/gr??p/ v. 紧握；夹紧 construction/k??n??str??k??(??)n/ n. 建设 dirt/d????t/ n. 污垢，泥土 caterpillar track 履带 assign/????sa??n/ v. 分配 still require an electric current to start the combustion process which is why most petrol powered machines like cars, have batteries. The electrical aspect of robots is used for movement (through motors), sensing (where electrical signals are used to measure things like heat, sound, position, and energy status) and operation (robots need some level of electrical energy supplied to their motors and sensors in order to activate and perform basic operations). All robots contain some level of computer programming code. A program is how a robot decides when or how to do something. Programs are the core essence of a robot, it could have excellent mechanical and electrical construction, but if its program is poorly constructed its performance will be very poor (or it may not perform at all). There are three different types of robotic programs: remote control, artificial intelligence and hybrid. A robot with remote control programing has a preexisting set of commands that it will only perform if and when it receives a signal from a control source, typically a human being with a remote control. Robots that use artificial intelligence interact with their environment on their own without a control source, and can determine reactions to objects and problems they encounter using their preexisting programming. Hybrid is a form of programming that incorporates both AI and RC functions. Applications As more and more robots are designed for specific tasks this method of classification becomes more relevant. For example, many robots are designed for assembly work, which may not be readily adaptable for other applications. They are termed as “assembly robots”. For seam welding, some suppliers provide complete welding systems with the robot i.e. the welding equipment along with other material handling facilities like turntables etc. as an integrated unit. Such an integrated robotic system is called a “welding robot” even though its discrete manipulator unit could be adapted to a variety of tasks. Current and potential applications include: ?? Military robots. Military robots are autonomous robots or remote-controlled mobile robots designed for military applications, from transport to search & rescue and attack. New Words and Expressions combustion process 燃烧过程 motor/??m????t??/ n. 发动机 interact/??nt ??r??ækt/ v. 互相影响；互相作用 determine/d????t?? m ????n/ v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定 incorporate/??n??k????p??re??t/ v. 包含 relevant/rel??v??nt/ adj. ?? 相关的 seam welding [机] 缝焊 equipment/????kw??pm(??)nt/ n. 设备 integrate/????nt??gre??t/ v. 使…完整 |
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